Believe it or not, a Christmas tree won't stay upright on its own. Instead, you need a stable Christmas tree stand that can accommodate the type and size of tree you have. We researched dozens of the best Christmas tree stands to help you find the right one for your needs, whether you have a real tree, an artificial tree, a small tree, or a behemoth. The stands in our guide have a track record of durability, performance, and easy setup. We also outline the size and type of tree each stand is meant for. Check out our guide to the best Christmas tree skirts once you've chosen the right stand for your tree. The best Christmas tree stands in 2022 Best Christmas tree stand overall: Krinner Tree Genie Christmas Tree Stand, available at Amazon, $82.79 The German-engineered Krinner Tree Genie Christmas Tree Stand is easy to set up in a couple of minutes and keeps trees up to 12 f...
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Volcanic eruptions on the moon happened much more recently than we thought
Volcanoes on the moon were still erupting at least 2 billion years ago, around 1 billion years more recently than scientists previously believed was possible. And the secret to these younger eruptions may lie in the type of magma oozing from these volcanoes, according to a new study.
Until recently, the only information scientists had about the moon's volcanic history came from the lunar samples retrieved during the Apollo missions around 50 years ago. These samples contained volcanic minerals dating to around 3 billion years ago, and researchers at the time believed that these minerals came from some of the last eruptions to occur on our satellite.
But in December 2020, China’s Chang'e 5 rover collected new samples from the near side of the moon, which were safely returned to Earth in an airtight capsule. After analyzing the newly collected moon rocks, researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) discovered that the samples contained volcanic minerals dating back to around 2 billion years ago, meaning that volcanic activity had persisted longer on Earth's satellite than previously believed. However, experts were initially unsure how the moon's volcanoes had remained active for so long.
In a new study, published Oct. 21 in the journal Science Advances (opens in new tab), researchers compared the volcanic minerals found by the Apollo and Chang'e 5 missions and found one key difference that hints at how the moon's volcanism persisted for so long — the newly collected samples had a slightly lower melting point.
Related: Colossal asteroid impact forever changed the balance of the moon
The uncertainty surrounding the moon's most recent volcanic eruptions stems from our understanding of the moon's mantle — the once-liquid magma layer beneath the lunar crust. Unlike Earth's mantle, which gives rise to volcanisms in part because it's extremely hot and molten, the moon's mantle has cooled dramatically in the last few billion years and is only partially molten or completely solidified, leaving the satellite volcanically dead. This would mean that the moon's mantle was already cooling off when the most recent lunar eruptions occurred. This makes the eruptions hard to explain because volcanic activity normally requires a hot and molten mantle, researchers wrote in a statement (opens in new tab).
In the new study, the team reanalyzed the Apollo and Chang'e 5 mission lava samples. The Chang'e 5 samples contained higher levels of calcium oxide and titanium dioxide than the Apollo samples, which have a lower melting point than other minerals. This would have enabled the magma to remain molten at a lower temperature and, therefore, sustain volcanic activity as the mantle cooled.
The younger magma could have had a melting point up to 144 degrees Fahrenheit (80 degrees Celsius) lower than the older Apollo samples, the study found. This suggests that during the 1 billion years between the two eruptions, the moon's mantle temperature probably decreased by a similar amount, according to the statement.
This is the first direct evidence of how the moon's mantle cooled during this time, and researchers hope it will shed light on how the moon and the rest of the solar system evolved.
This isn't the only noteworthy research from China's moon rovers.
In September, CAS researchers announced the discovery of a new mineral and a potential nuclear fusion fuel from the same Chang'e 5 sample used in the new study. In February, researchers operating the Yutu 2 rover revealed images of the lunar surface had strange glass spheres leftover from ancient meteor impacts. In December 2021, the Yutu 2 rover also spotted a "mysterious hut" on the far side of the moon. But this turned out to be an oddly shaped rock.
Photo : Serkanyalcinkaya ( Shutterstock ) With energy costs continuing to rise, ceiling fans are becoming an increasingly popular way to make homes more energy efficient. As we’ve written about in the past, not only can ceiling fans keep your home cooler in the summer— with or without air conditioning —but they can also help your home stay warm and toasty in colder weather. 02:15 How to Steam an Egg Wednesday 11:19AM But when it comes to choosing a ceiling fan, it’s not solely a matter of finding one to match your decor: You should also consider the room’s square footage in order to ensure that the fan is able to get the job done. Here’s what to know. How to buy the right size ceiling fan for a room First, you need to figure out the square footage of the room where you’re going to hang the ceiling fan. Find the square footage of the room You can use an online square footage calculator , or do the math : Measure the length of the room (in feet) Measure the width of the room (in ...
I recently watched “ the greatest film of all time ,” and the most boring one. In retrospect, the title alone should have been a sufficient warning: Jeanne Dielman, 23 Quai du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles . Alas, I’m old enough to be a bit nostalgic about massive telephone address books. And massive it is. Clocking over 200 minutes, Chantal Akerman's 1975 dreary drama follows three days in the monotonous routine of Jeanne, a widow, a mother, and a prostitute. I watched Jeanne’s autopilot existence, until, staring at her back as she washes dishes, I decided to fast-forward a couple of minutes, only to discover she was still at it. And Jeanne is equally thorough when she’s busy baking, cleaning, folding laundry, or shining her son’s shoes. She speaks so scarcely and mechanically, that it’s impossible to detect any emotion or volition beyond her carefully controlled chores . Watching Jeanne Dielman is what the word “painstaking” was invented for. Chantal...
Photo : Pixel-Shot ( Shutterstock ) This game is nearly identical to the “drink every time” game above, but adjusted for shots, so it’s for those trying to party a little harder. The idea is to make a list of shot-worthy occurrences—like “a coach yells at a referee” or “something goes wrong during the halftime show”—and then take a shot whenever they happen. If the promise of regular shots isn’t enough for you, we have another twist for you: The “1, 2, 3" rule. The first time something from your shot list happens, you take one shot. The second time it occurs, take two. The third, three...and then hopefully you don’t push your health and safety past that point. On the other hand, you can always choose to sip instead of taking a full shot. Again, none of these party games have to involve alcohol. But they definitely can if you want them to. Super Bowl LVII is on Sunday, Feb. 12, 2023. Kickoff is scheduled for 6:30 p.m. E T /3:30 p.m. P T.
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